Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Mary was spared. . PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. Died: 24 March 1603. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family One was debt. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Boston Spa, The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. Save. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. The attack was a success. - death of henry II. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Religion was the most serious problem facing Elizabeth in 1558? How far In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Apply for student finance without a bank account? As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. LS23 6AD 2. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. Norfolk was killed in 1572. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Boston Spa, Company Reg no: 04489574. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. 1. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Boston Spa, During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Boston House, Best Answer. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. The invasion failed, however. Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer Become a Member | Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule.
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